高考英语疑问词+ever与no matter+ 疑问词
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不论是“疑问代词 + ever ”还是“ 疑问副词 + ever ”,其意义都是“ 不管 / 无论 + 该疑问词的本义”。
1. “疑问代词 + ever”可引导两种类型的从句,即让步状语从句和名词性从句 (主语从句、宾语从句)。
(1)引导让步状语从句。此时 whatever / whoever / whichever 分别等于 “ no matter + what / who / which”。例如:
Whatever happened, he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what happened, he wouldn't say a word.
Whoever says so, it is wrong. = No matter who says so, it is wrong.
Whichever dictionary you (may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you (may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
注意:这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来,从句中也常用情态动词 may / might .
(2)引导名词性从句。例如:
Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (宾语从句)
Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主语从句)
You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用 whoever 代替 whomever)
此时它们都不能换成“ no matter + 疑问词” 的形式,但 whoever 等于 anyone who, whatever 等于 anything that
· . “ 疑问副词 +ever ”: wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导一种类型的从句,即让步状语从句,此时它们分别等于 “ no matter + where / when / how ”。例如:
Wherever he goes (may go). I'll follow him. = No matter where he goes ( may go),I'll follow him.
Whenever I wisited him, he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him, he was always busy working.
However late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
注意:当 however 用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句,而 whenever/ wherever 则不能引导名词性从句。例如:
I'll give you however much money you need. (宾语从句,此时 however 不能改成 no matter how )。
3. 另外, whatever / whichever / whoever 与 whenever / wherever / however 分别可相当于 what / which / who 与 when / where / how 的强调式,引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句,与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同,只是表达的语气更为强烈,翻译时可加上 “到底;究竟” 等。例如:
What( ever) are you doing ? 你(到底)在干什么?
Which( ever) do you want to buy ? 你(究竟)要买哪一个?
Who( ever) told you such a foolish story ? (究竟)是谁讲给你这么蠢的事?
When( ever) can I enjoy a long vacation ? (究竟)什么时候才能给我放个长假呢?
Where( ever) did you leave your dictionary ? 你(究竟)把词典放哪儿了?
How( ever) did you collect so much money ? 你(到底)是怎样筹到这么多钱的